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but they vary sharply fromyear to the year, thereby shorter time periods point gutter changes of surplus in high of degrees misleading to be can "(P. 11). Around safe, simple counting pulses of the new imported products to be surround you not either their medical or its economic value. Something introduction are constantly more important than others. Indeed during Grabowski and Vernon (1990, 1994), give main differences underline it concerning the sales under products, thereby the relevant distributions in high of degrees skewed. In addition pharmaceutical products have different announcements, and the medical and/or economic value of the certain drugs can be connected with the number of recognized announcements as more exact to the number products. In contrast to this industrial pharmaceutical industry on research and development extended largely into the last decades. From the total expenditure of less than $5 billion 1970, these expenditures, which are increased there up to $30 billion by 2002.7, therefore an increasing discrepancy between the relatively steady number the new drugs are to be, be approved and the increasing number the dollar, which are spent on R&D, in order the new drugs discover. The result naturally sank research productivity in the numbers the new imported products and the costs of new drugs, also increasing, expressed. Berndt, Cockburn and Grepin (2005) use the number of medical announcements to measure pharmaceutical innovation. A substantial portion of industrieforschung and - the developping costs, estimated on between 25% and 30% (P. 45), toward for finding the new announcements for existing products one refers. Berndt et aluminium use the designation "additional innovation", in order to describe these efforts. For the three therapeutic ranges examined they, the number of FDAapprovals for the new announcements, which were essentially increased the last decade (P. 27). Additionally the larger number led recognized announcements to increased applications of the drugs concerned (P. 41). On this basis they maintain that reported acceptance in the pharmaceutical research productivity are exaggerated. An important characteristic of the new tendencies in the pharmaceutical innovation is that they accompanied the increasing decay research of the process. As early noticed, an increasing portion of the pharmaceutical research in the small biotechnology companies, which employ or a small number products.With the increasing frequency, the Hauptdrogenfirme register the process only at the development and at the test phases accomplished. Which it seems however free is that this new structure led increased productivity or lower costs not to, at least in the number the new products expressed, which are introduced, although itmay, has affects the therapeutic characteristics of the new drugs. Therefore the shift of the drug research to one science based mode is connected to ge$$$WESEN with a substantial increase of the research costs. Which is unclear, is |